El mobbing

This article posts brand new AMS fourteen C times out na stronie internetowej tutaj of thirteen ponies in the past allotted to the newest Migration several months, and osteometric research and you may age ponies located from inside the Lithuanian cemeteries of your own 3rd–14th C Offer, over two hundred anybody in total. The analysis show corrected current chronology of your own burials, and osteometric analysis let yet another testing from perhaps the ponies on the Migration period really are outstanding sizes inside the the brand new perspective out-of Lithuanian horses from the third to help you 14th C Offer. The fresh abundant research together with greet a review of one’s growth of the scale and you can age of the ponies from inside the Lithuania within 3rd and 14th C Post.

2.step one. Zooarchaeological Studies

Nearly 400 pony skeletal stays used in Lithuanian burial websites away from the next–14th C Post had been examined ( Profile step one ); although not, due to terrible preservation, merely more two hundred citizens were right for subsequent size and you can decades study. Brand new burial internet sites was divided in to around three chronological groups. A total of 21 people from six burial websites had been assigned toward Later Roman–post-Migration months (3rd–seventh C Advertisement); thirteen ponies out of this several months have been individually AMS fourteen C-dated. They were someone chose towards the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr study, the outcome where try typed during the a new book . So you can separate anywhere between horses (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and mules, the strategy demonstrated by Johnstone is implemented.

Place out of sites said regarding the text message: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.

2. Issue and techniques

A lot of them, apart from 7 some body, had been found in the Marvele burial site for the main Lithuania. Research of your own archaeological framework and also the grave services and products lets to develop relationships of some of your own burials into twelfth C Advertisement. Hence, this new formal prevent of one’s Viking several months (1066) has not been taken into consideration, each other by the approximate relationships of these burial websites and you will because of the historic and you may archaeological context: no big break in the annals away from Lithuania before facilities of state on 13th C Ad is observed.

Ponies of around three burial websites dating back the latest thirteen–14th C Advertising had been allotted to the new medieval several months. In this instance, a few of the burials could possibly date for the twelfth C Ad however they are hard to identify about after ones. The newest gothic horse classification and additionally provided skeleton away from ponies from several castles plus one town of new thirteen–14th C Offer: twenty-five metatarsals and you can metacarpals was chosen off Kernave medieval city, 9 about Vilnius All the way down castle, and 8 regarding Memelburg, the new palace of the Teutonic Acquisition, present-time Klaipeda. I’ve included horses regarding settlement web sites to help you give because purpose an image of gothic horses to, founded not only toward individuals from typical burial websites however, along with from contexts associated with the greater personal strata (Vilnius, Kernave) and the Purchase. Altogether, the remains of 92 everyone was examined throughout the medieval several months. With this browse, skeletal stays of all Lithuanian ponies recognized to the fresh new article authors regarding 3rd–14th C Offer burial internet was in fact examined.

Certain pony skeletons was indeed improperly maintained and the wrong to have osteometric study, therefore the number of individuals varied with regards to examination of their age and you will level. The age of the fresh horses try estimated by tooth eruption , wear of incisors, in addition to top of your premolars and you can molars . Mix period of the epiphyses has also been useful age investigations. Withers level is actually estimated off enough time bone dimensions utilising the corrected coefficients out of Kiesewalter [34,35]. Horses had been classified predicated on Brauner’s metacarpal and metatarsal slenderness list class . Specifications predicated on von den Driesh have been made using a keen osteometric board and you can a digital caliper which have an accuracy away from 0.01 cm. Pony skeletons was in fact sexed according to research by the visibility regarding canine pearly whites into the male ponies over cuatro–five years of age. Yet not, in many cases, gender of your own creature couldn’t end up being computed due to destroyed skeleton. Enough time limbs proportions, intercourse, additionally the chronilogical age of each person are supplied within the Tables S1–S4. To check on to have benefit, i made use of a beneficial t-try. Assessed horses’ remains was stored in the new Zooarchaeological Repository off Vilnius School, Faculty of history. Horse from Varliskes is stored in Kernave Museum, and you will horse skeletons away from Paduobe-Saltaliune III and you can Salakas is actually kept in National Museum out of Lithuania.