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The newest items in so it file do not have the force and effect of rules and are also perhaps not supposed to bind individuals by any means.

(a) General -

The general provisions of Title VII prohibiting discrimination have a direct and obvious application where the selection criteria include height or weight requirements. * As an example, national statistics indicate that females on average are not as tall and do not weigh as much as males. The result is that, if meeting a minimum height or weight limit is a requirement for employment, these protected group members will most likely be disproportionately excluded as compared to their actual numbers in the population. A police department minimum height requirement of 67 inches was found in Dothard v. Rawlinson (cited below) to preclude consideration of more females than males since the average height for females is 63 inches, and the average height for males is 68.2 inches. According to the Supreme Court, this constitutes the sort of artificial, arbitrary, and unnecessary barrier to employment that Title VII was intended to remove or eliminate. Dothard v. Rawlinson, 433 U.S. 321, 14 EPD ¶ 7632 (1977); citing Griggs v. Duke Stamina Co., 401 U.S. 424, 3 EPD ¶ 8137 (1971).

(b) Considering Height and you may Weight Costs -

All methods discussed in the § 604, Theories out-of Discrimination, could be applicable in examining height and you may weight charge. Decided cases and you can conclusion provides taken care escort in Billings of each other disparate procedures and you can adverse impact analyses, sufficient reason for discrimination predicated on sex, federal origin, and also to a reduced extent, competition.

(1) Disparate Cures Analysis – The disparate treatment analysis is typically applicable where the respondent has a height or weight requirement, but it is only enforced against one protected group or class and not against others. For instance, in You.S. v. Lee-way Motor Products Inc., 7 EPD ¶ 9066 (D.C. Okla. 1973), the respondent, a trucking company, strictly applied its height and weight requirements for driver positions when considering Black applicants, while liberally granting exceptions when considering White applicants. Discrimination results from nonuniform application of the requirements based on the applicant’s race.

(2) Adverse Impression Studies – This approach is applicable where on its face a minimum height or weight requirement constitutes a neutral employment policy or practice that may be applied equally to all protected groups or classes. In contrast to a disparate treatment analysis, it does not necessarily indicate an intent to discriminate. An adverse impact analysis does not require the proving of intent, but rather it focuses on the effects of the employment policy or practice. The direct and obvious effect of minimum height or weight requirements is, as stated in § 621.1(a) above, to disproportionately exclude significant numbers of women, Hispanics, and certain Asians from consideration for employment. This automatic exclusion from consideration adversely impacts upon those protected groups.

(i) The means to access National Statistics – In dealing with height and weight requirements it may not in many cases be appropriate to rely upon an actual applicant flow analysis to determine if women and minorities have been disproportionately excluded. The Court in Dothard (cited below and discussed in § 621.1(b)(2)(iv)) stated that since otherwise qualified individuals might be discouraged from applying because of their self-recognized inability to meet the requirement, the application process might not adequately reflect the potential applicant pool. A potential applicant who does not meet the announced requirement might therefore decide that applying for the job would be futile. Since there is little likelihood, except rarely, that height and weight characteristics will vary based on a particular locale or region of the nation, national statistics can be relied upon to show evidence of adverse impact, instead of actual applicant flow data.